A 26-year-old patient complains of chest pain and a productive cough. What is your first action upon learning he just flew back from Africa?

In this scenario, where the patient presents with chest pain and a productive cough shortly after returning from Africa, the first action should prioritize the protection of the healthcare provider and others in the vicinity due to the possibility of infectious disease, such as tuberculosis or other respiratory infections that are more prevalent in certain regions. By putting on an N95 mask, the healthcare provider minimizes the risk of inhaling airborne pathogens, ensuring personal safety and preparing for potential airborne transmission.

This step is crucial because if the patient's condition is due to a contagious respiratory illness, it protects others in the treatment area as well. Addressing personal protection allows for a safe environment to further assess the patient’s condition without putting oneself or others at risk.

Following this action, vital signs and lung sounds would be assessed to further evaluate the patient's respiratory status, but prioritizing personal protective measures takes precedence in this context, making it the appropriate first action.